In nearly every medical malpractice case, yes. The heart of these cases is the standard of care — what a reasonably careful provider would have done — and that is a medical question. It is proven through a qualified expert who reviews the records and explains where the care fell short and how that caused harm.
This is not just a practical necessity; in many states it is a legal requirement. Some require a qualified expert's written opinion or affidavit supporting the claim, and others require submitting the claim to a review panel, before a lawsuit can proceed against certain providers. Missing these steps can end a case.
Because of this, a credible malpractice claim begins with obtaining the complete records and arranging review by an expert in the right specialty. That review is also what allows an honest assessment of whether you have a viable claim in the first place.