No. This is one of the most common concerns survivors have, and the answer is reassuring: a civil claim is entirely separate from the criminal justice system. You do not need to have filed a police report, and you do not need charges or a conviction, to pursue a civil claim.
The two systems work differently. A criminal case is brought by the government, is out of your hands, and uses a high standard of proof. A civil claim is yours to pursue or not, and it uses a different standard — which is why a civil claim can succeed even where no criminal case was ever filed or where one did not result in a conviction.
Whether you reported what happened is entirely your choice, and it does not close the door on a civil claim. If you are wondering what may be possible, a free and confidential conversation can walk you through it, with no pressure to take any step you are not ready for.