Structural vs. cosmetic damage
Structural damage affects the parts of a building that keep it standing and safe — including the foundation, framing, load-bearing walls, floors, ceilings, stairs, railings, and balconies. It is different from cosmetic damage like a small crack in the paint.
Examples include a sagging or collapsing ceiling; floors that are cracked, sloping, or soft; stairs that are broken or pulling away; railings that are loose or missing; balconies that feel unsafe or are rotting; and foundation cracks or shifting. These problems can threaten safety, not just appearance.
Because they involve the building's integrity, structural issues are generally the landlord's responsibility and can rise to serious habitability and safety concerns. A useful test is whether the problem could cause someone to fall, get trapped, or be struck — if so, it deserves urgent attention. If you are unsure whether what you are seeing is structural, a free review can help.
This is general information about California tenant rights, not legal advice. Every situation is different.